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Board of Directors

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James Sulat

Chairman

James Sulat has been a director since June 2008 and has served as Chairman of the Board since December 2008. Mr. Sulat served as the Chief Financial Officer of Memory Pharmaceuticals Corp, a biotechnology company, from February 2008 through January 2009 and previously served as Memory Pharmaceuticals' President and Chief Executive Officer from May 2005 through February 2008. Mr. Sulat also served as a member of the board of directors of Memory Pharmaceuticals May 2005 through January 2009. Mr. Sulat served as Chief Financial Officer of R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company, a diversified printing company, from February 2004 through May 2004 following the acquisition of Moore Wallace Incorporated by R.R. Donnelley. From May 2003 to February 2004, Mr. Sulat served as the Senior Executive Vice President of Moore Wallace Incorporated, a diversified printing company. From 1998 to 2003, Mr. Sulat served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Chiron Corporation, a biotechnology company. Mr. Sulat serves as a director of Maxygen, Inc. and Intercell AG. Mr. Sulat received a B.S. in Administrative Sciences from Yale University, and an M.B.A. and an M.S. in Health Services Administration from Stanford University.

Member of the Audit Committee
Member of the Nominating and Governance Committee

Bruce Downey

Mr. Downey has served as a Partner at NewSpring Capital, a venture capital firm, since April 2009. Previously, Mr. Downey was Chairman and CEO of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a global specialty pharmaceutical company that operated in more than 30 countries worldwide and was acquired by Teva Pharmaceuticals in 2008. Mr. Downey joined Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 1993 and was appointed Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer in 1994. Prior to joining Barr, Mr. Downey was a capital partner in Winston & Strawn, and a predecessor firm, Bishop, Cook, Purcell and Reynolds. In 1979, he founded Baller & Downey, which later merged with Bishop, Cook, Purcell and Reynolds. Mr. Downey graduated with honors from Miami University in 1969 and received his law degree cum laude from Ohio State. In 2006 and 2007, Mr. Downey served as the Chairman of the Board for the Generic Pharmaceutical Association (GPhA), the trade association for the generic pharmaceutical industry. Mr. Downey is currently the Chair of the Board of Ambassadors for Johns Hopkins' Project RESTORE that funds research and clinical trials to support the creation of progressive treatments for transverse myelitis and multiple sclerosis.

Member of the Audit Committee
Member of the Compensation Committee

John K. Clarke

Cardinal Partners

John K. Clarke has been a director since April 2002. Mr. Clarke founded Cardinal Partners, a venture capital firm, in 1997 and has served as the Managing General Partner since 1997. He has founded and served as interim Chief Executive Officer of a number of portfolio companies, including Alkermes, Inc., Arris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the DNX Corporation. Mr. Clarke is chairman of the board of directors of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and serves as a member of the board of directors of a number of privately-held health care companies. He received his B.A. in Biology and Economics from Harvard College and his M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Member of the Audit Committee
Chair of the Compensation Committee

Marsha H. Fanucci

Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Marsha H. Fanucci has been a director since March 2005. Ms. Fanucci served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. from July 2004 through January 2009, where she was responsible for corporate strategy, treasury, financial planning and reporting and operations. While at Millennium since 2000, she also served as Vice President, Finance and Corporate Strategy and Vice President, Corporate Development and Strategy. Previously, she was Vice President of Corporate Development and Strategy at Genzyme Corporation, a biotechnology company, from 1998 to 2000. From 1987 to 1998, Ms. Fanucci was employed at Arthur D. Little, Inc. where she most recently served as Vice President and Director. She received her B.S. in Pharmacy from West Virginia University and her M.B.A. from Northeastern University.

Chair of the Audit Committee
Member of the Nominating and Governance Committee

Peter Barton Hutt LLB, LLM

Covington & Burling

Peter Barton Hutt, LL.B., L.L.M. has been a director since June 2001. Mr. Hutt is a senior counsel at the law firm of Covington & Burling and has been an attorney with that firm since 1975. He served as Chief Counsel for the Food and Drug Administration from 1971 through 1975. Mr. Hutt is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and teaches a course on Food and Drug Law each Winter Term at Harvard Law School. He co-authored the casebook used to teach Food and Drug Law and has published numerous papers on the subject. Mr. Hutt is a member of the board of directors of Ista Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Xoma Ltd., Celera Genomics and several privately-held life sciences companies. Mr. Hutt received his B.A., magna cum laude, from Yale University, his L.L.B. from Harvard University and his L.L.M. from New York University.

Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee

Thomas Koestler

Thomas Koestler has been a director since January 2011. Since 2010, Dr. Koestler has served as Executive-in-Residence at Vatera Capital. Prior to joining Vatera Capital, Dr. Koestler was most recently Executive Vice President of Schering Corporation and President of Schering Plough Research Institute, the pharmaceutical research and development arm of Schering-Plough Corporation, which he joined in 2003. Dr. Koestler has also held senior positions at Pharmacia, Novartis, Ortho McNeil and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Koestler holds a BS degree in biology and genetics from Daemen College and a Ph.D. from the State University of New York, where he studied medicine and pathology. Dr. Koestler's qualifications to sit on the board include his years of senior executive experience in the pharmaceutical industry, including his involvement with over 80 product approvals during his career, including 30 new molecular entities.

Member of the Compensation Committee
Member of the Science Committee

Bennett M. Shapiro M.D.

Merck & Co., Inc. (Retired)

Bennett M. Shapiro, M.D. has been a director since May 2003. Since 2006, he has served as a Partner at PureTech Ventures and since 2003 he has served as a private consultant providing advice to executives. From September 1990 to July 2003, Dr. Shapiro served as an Executive Vice President of Merck & Co., Inc., a research-based pharmaceutical company. Dr. Shapiro is the former head of Worldwide Licensing and External Research at Merck; prior to that he served as the head of Basic and Preclinical Research at Merck and as Chairman of the Biochemistry department at the University of Washington. Dr. Shapiro serves on the board of Celera Genomics as well as a number of privately-held biopharmaceutical companies. Dr. Shapiro received his B.S. in Chemistry from Dickinson College and his M.D. from Jefferson Medical College.

Member of the Compensation Committee
Chair of the Science Committee

Elizabeth Stoner, M.D.

Elizabeth Stoner, M.D. has been a director since October 2007. Dr. Stoner is a managing director at MPM Capital, a venture capital firm, where she has been since October 2007. Prior to joining MPM Capital, Dr. Stoner had a 22-year career at Merck Research Laboratories. At the time of her retirement from Merck, Dr. Stoner was Senior Vice President of Global Clinical Development Operations with responsibility for the company's clinical development activities in more than 40 countries. Prior to her position at Merck, she was an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Cornell University Medical College. Dr. Stoner serves on the board of Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company. Dr. Stoner received her B.S. in Chemistry from Ottawa University, KS, her M.S. in Chemistry from the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and her M.D. from Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

Member of the Nominating and Governance Committee
Member of the Science Committee

Craig A. Wheeler

Momenta Pharmaceuticals

Mr. Wheeler has served as President and as a Class II director since August 22, 2006 and was appointed as our Chief Executive Officer effective as of September 12, 2006. Prior to joining Momenta, Mr. Wheeler served as President of Chiron Biopharmaceuticals, a division of Chiron Corporation, from August 2001 until June 2006. Prior to joining Chiron, Mr. Wheeler was a senior member of The Boston Consulting Group's health care practice from August 1988 until August 2001. Mr. Wheeler was appointed to the board of directors of Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in September 2005 and has served as Chairman of the Board since May 2007. Mr. Wheeler received B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemical engineering from Cornell University and an M.B.A. degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.